Gilled heat-interchanging apparatus.



E. L. PEASE.

GILLED HEAT INTERCHANGING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 6.1917.

Patented Aug. 19, 1919 2 SHEETS-SHEET I.

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GILLED HEM INTERCHANGING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 6, |917.

EDWARD VLLOYD PEASE, OF DARLING'TON, ENGLAND.

Specification of Letters Patent.

GILLED HEAT-INTERCHANGIN G APPARATUS.`

Patented Aug. 19, i919.'

Application filed April 6, 1917. Serial No. 160,305.

i( 1o all 'whom it may concern Be it known that I, EDWARD LLorD PEAsE, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Darlington, in the county of Durham, England, have invented In'iprovements in or Relating to Gilled Heat- Interchanging Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to apparatus in which one or more flat or curved or flat and curved metal slabs or plates, that is to say Vslabs or plates having flat or curved surfaces,

or flat and curved surfaces at different parts thereof, as distinguished from metal slabs or plates bentI to a corrugated, zig-zag or like shape in section, and metal strips or gills, are employed to facilitate the transmission of heat from one iuid to another, whether the primary end inview be the elevation or reduction of temperature, or both.

Broadly the' invention consists iny the building up of apparatus comprising one or more flat or curved or partly flat and partly curved metal slabs or plates of the kind referred to and separately made strips or gills,- an intimate connection between such slabs or plates (hereinafter referred to generically as plates) and the strips or gills (hereinafter referred to as gills)` being effected by appropriate sawing or equivalent cutting of the plates that results in slits or slots being formed therein in which the gills are fixed, 4or by fixing the gills in cast metal plates at the time of casting the plates. The gills in each case are rolled metal, for ini stance iron 'or steel.

l al given duty is concerned.

The invention, while generally applicable, is particularly so to radiators for general warming purposes and included in its object therefore is the production of such a lradiator that can bemanufactured at a cost less than has hitherto been possible where The invention in its narrower aspect consists in the building up of apparatus with plates' one or more of which has separately made metal gills secured therein and which, when associated in proper relationship, form separated passageways for the flow of the fluids between which an exchange of heat is to take place when theapparatus is in use.

In some casesit may be convenient to employ plates of a grade of steel that can be cut comparatively easily by a milling machine having a gang of tools adapted to plow a series of parallel grooves'in one face of the plate for the reception of the gills. With such a construction the sawcuts or other slots may be made of a width equal to the thickness of the gills, the plate being then stressed in a direction to cause the cuts or slots to gape without producing a permanent set, thereby permitting the gills to be readily inserted, after which the plate can be permitted to return to its normal condition when the gills will be found to be firmly gripped. Or the gills may be otherwise fitted tightly in the cuts or slits, it may be by the aid of calking, or by compressing the metal of the plate on each side of them. 0r, as above stated, cast vmetal plates vmay be used`in which the the moment of casting.

`The accompanying illustrative drawings show various constructions of heat interchanging apparatus embodying the invention. In these drawings Figure 1 shows in horizontal section, part of an apparatus adapted to form a heat radiator. Fig. 2 shows in horizontal section and 'Fig..3 in side elevation part of another construction of heat .radiator and Fig.v 4L is a similar view -to F ig. 3 showing a modification thereof.\

Figs. 5, G, Tand 8 are horizontal sections showing other forms of heat inter-changing apparatus. Fim 9 is a part transverse vertical section and Fig. 10 a corresponding part plan, showing a modified construction of heat radiator. Figs. 11, 12 and 13 are part end elevations showing modifications. Fig. 14 is a horizontal section and Fig. 15 al vvertical section, showing` portions of other modified constructions. Fig. 16 is a vertical section and Fig. 17 a sectional plan on the line A A of Fig. 16, showing a further construction of heat interchanging apparatus according to the invention.. Figs. 18 and 19 are explanatory detail views hereinafter referred to.

Referring to Fig. 1, a represents part of with sawcuts or grooves a1 to receive gills b that are in contact with one of the fluids between which there is to be an interchange of heat. A flanged back plate c provides a space at d for thev other fluid to be dealt with.

In Fig. 2 the plate L in addition to being formed with grooves. a1 for the gills b is machined at the back to produce a number of vertical channels c collectively covered by a flat plate f', the said channels being either gills become fixed at y connected together in multiple by transverse.

headen channels e1 and e2 at each end, as shown 1n Fig. 3, or in series by shorter trans- 'verse header channels e3 as shown in Fig. 4.

. and when the plate a is channeled, as in Fig.

2, this area maybe increased by replacing the flatplate f with another channeled plate g, as shown in Fig. 5, vthe channels e4 in this plate being staggered in relation to the channel e in the plate a. The plate g in this figurefis also shown as provided with gills b although these may be' dispensed with 1f so desired.

Fig. 6 illustrates two plates a, separated vby a distance frame h; "Either of the plates a, or both, maybe provided with gills b.

l In some cases the spaces between gills b at oneside of a plate a, may, as shown in Fig. 5, be filled by solid material such ajs the brickwork of a.iurnace,'which it lmay be desired to cool or Afrom which it may be desired to abstract heat forthevwarming of' air or water, orfor other purposes.

j@ A further modification Ais shown in Fig. 7 where gills b are arranged at opposite sides of a'slotted plate a and two flanged cover plates are clamped tothe plates a, to form a casing. Such an arrangement would be suitablelfor the cooling of oil flowing between the gills 'b in one set by water flowing between the gills in the opposite set.

The gills at one side of the structure may be arranged in the same Way as the gills at the other side, as shown in Figs. 5 and 6,

' or they maydilfer to, suit the requirements.

Thus,.the number ofgills Z) at opposite sldes if the structure may fdfiifer, as may also their direction, as -shown i Fig. 8, when the gills b1 at one sideE are less in number than those b at the opposite side and are inclined to the vertical, while the gills b are vertical. All the gills may be parallel to.each other, as in the example shown in Figs. 1 to 7, or some may be arranged at dierent. angles to others as shown in Fig. 8. In the same way, the gills, or some of them, ma be perforatedas shown at b2 Fig. he gills may be equal in length to the plates a and f (Fi-gs.2, 3 and 4) or plates a and g (Fig. 5), or longer as shown in Fig. 9, and they vmay be all of one thickness, as in Figs. 1

tof inclusive, or arranged in sets-of difl'er- .ent thickness as in Fig. 8, or'in groups of one thickness separated by a single 'gill of greater thickness, as lshown in F1gs. 9 and 10, thelatter being convenient when it is found necessary to utilize the. gills to resist,

to some extent, the fluid pressure within the radiator that tends =to separate the plates. When the gillsl are longer or wider'than the plates, as 1n Figs. 9 and 10', theoverhanging end portions may, for the purpose menstraint of an outer casing o.

.various gills, as shown in Figs. 9 and 10.

The radiator shown in these figures may be taken to represent in transverse section and plan respectively the radiator shown in Fig. 5. l

The saw cuts need not necessarily extend the full length of the plate, as shown in F igs.' 1l and 12, 4and the gills may either be equal in length to thesawcuts as in Fig. l1, orbe longer, as in Fig. 12., inwhich latter case the gills will be narrower beyond `the sawcuts so as to abut against or clear the plate as desired.

Where the length of the sawcuts or slits a1 might be thought to produce undue weak ening of a slab, such slits may, as shown in Fig. 13, be interrupted and metal be cut away from the gills b at corresponding points b5 to permit them to be connected to the plate. K

For many purposes, where flat metal plates are used, it will be advantageous to plane out portions of the plate at opposite odge portions thereof, as shown for example at a2 in the top and bottom edge portions-of the plates in Figs. '9 and 10, beforejthe grooves 0L1` are cut in Ithe plates. This provides an unmutilated face portion for Inaking the joint at these places and provides an easy entry for the groo-ving tools without forming longer grooves a1 'than are necessary. f

In, Fig. 14 there is shown a -develo ment of the arrangement according to Fig. p two plates such as a in Fig. 7, being separated by a frame y' so that adjacent gills b of both plates are interengaged as shown. In this case, for example, theV central spaces 7c might receive exhaust steam and the spaces m formed between the plates a and the covers t', might be supplied with water.

A form of`apparatus suitable as a water cooler isshown in Fig. 15 where tw'o plates a vertically arranged, form between them a water way n. Each plate is fitted with gills b. Airfor coolingv purposes is caused to pass 'between the gills b under the con- 16 and 17 show an apparatus pro- .viding for increased contact area and lesvsened speed of flow for fluids flowing in opyposite directions, ,when approaching the lpoint of discharge, to secure high efliciency. In this example. a plate a with gills at both sides is mounted at an angle'within a built be understood from the arrows.

The gills may -be fixed in position in the saw cuts or slits by any suitable method. Where however gills are only required at one side of a plate, as in Figs. l to 6, and the plate is capable of being bent, it is preferred to first cut'the plate'while flat with a saw or other tool of a width less than they thickness of the gill. One such cut is shown at s in Fig. 18. The plate is then stressed so as to open the cut somewhat, as shown at t whereupon the cut is re-traversed by a tool `of a width equal sayy to the thickness of the gill. when it will assume the appearance shown at u. When theplate is re-straightcned the cut will be as represented at fu. Each gill b on the foregoing assumption will be grooved to provide a root such as shown at w. Obviously however a gill may |be employed that has a root fw produced by swelling or thickening the metal, as indicated in Fig. 19,in which case the" first saw or like cut at s will be equal in width to the thickness of the gill land the second cut equal to the thickness of the root. The gill may be inserted into the cut at the time of restraightening the plate or may be driven in from one end. f

When the plate is not too thick to be stressed lbefore being sawed, it may be so such temperature variations, as described in the specification of another application filed by me 1st March, 1917. Ser. No. 151,802. For this purpose the gills may be made of taper shape, asin the example shown in Fig. 15 of the accompanying drawings, the smaller width of the gills |being, at the end of the gills with which the air first cornes in contact.

1. Apparatus for the transmission of heat from one fluid to another, comprising substantially `flat metall plates connected together and having between them a conduit for fluidfone of said plates having on one face thereof, outside said conduit, a number of `-parallel grooves extending in the same direction as that in which fluid is to pass through said conduit and metal gills gether and having between them a conduit for fluid, one of said plates having on one face thereof, outside said conduit, a number of parallel grooves and metal gills arranged in said grooves the sides of which exert a powerful contractile force or grip on said gills.

3. Apparatus for the transmission of heat from one fluid to another, comprising suhstantially flat metal plates connected t0- gether and having between them a conduit for fluid, each of said plates having on one face thereof, outside said conduit, a number of parallel grooves extending in the same direction as that in which fluid is to pass through said conduit and metal gills tightly fixed in said grooves and in good metallic contact with the metal side walls thereof.

4. Apparatus for the transmission of heat from one fluidy to another, comprising separate metal plates secured together and having between them a passage-way for fluid consisting of a number of adjacent channels in communication with one another at their ends, one of said plates having formed in its outer surface parallel grooves and separate metal gills tightly fixed in said grooves.

5. Apparatus for the transmission of heat from one fluid to another, comprising separate metal plates secured together and hav- -in its inner face a passageway for fluid closed sidewise by the adjacent Vplate and in its outer face a number of grooves and metal gills fixed in the latter grooves.

7 Apparatus for the transmission of heat from one fluid to another, comprising two metal plates secured together and having a passageway for fluid between them and each formed on its outer side -with grooves, the grooves in one plate being staggered in relation to those in the other plate and separate metal gills fixed in the two sets of grooves.

S. Apparatus for the transmission of heat from one fluid to another, comprising two `metal plates secured together, one of said plates having in its inner surface a number of channels connected together at their ends and closed sidewise by the adjacent plate and in its outer surface a number of grooves and separate metal gills fixed in said grooves.

9. Apparatus for the transmission of heat from one fluid to another, comprising two for fiuid therein the passageways in one A plate being staggered in relation to those in the opposite plate anda number of seperate outwardly extending metal gills fixed in the outer side o f each plate.

V1l. Apparatus 'for the transmission of heat from one fluid to another comprising a metal plate having a number of passageways for fluid in one side thereof, a number of' separate outwardly extending metal gills fixed in the opposite side, of said plate, a second plate fixed to the first mentioned plate and 'bearing against the side thereof in which the passages forvfiuid are formed, said second plate also having a number of passageways for fluid formed therein and in staggered relationship to the passages in the first mentioned plate and a number of outwardly extending metal gills fixed lin the outer side of the second plate.

l2. ApparatusI for ,the transmission of heatl from one fluid to another, comprising two metal plates secured together and each having in its inner surface channels connected together at their ends and closed sidewise by the adjacent plate and in its outer surface grooves and separate metal gills fixed in the two sets of grooves, the channels in the two plates being staggered in relationl to one another and those in each plate bein staggered in relation to the metal gills fixed.

Y to the same plate.

13. Apparatus for the transmission ofy heat from one fiuid to another, comprising v ing closed sidewise by the adjacent plate,

the said channeled plate having in its outer side grooves staggered with relation to the channelson its inner side and separate metal gills fixed in said' grooves.

14. Apparatus for the transmission of heat fromone fluid to another, comprising metal plates connected together and each of which has formed therein on its inner side parallel channels opening into spaces commonto them at their ends so that a number of such channels lare connected in parallel' between the inlet and outlet apertures of the apparatus, said -channels and spaces being closed sidewise by the adjacentl plate, each of said plates having in its outer .side

grooves staggered in relation to the channels on its inner side, and separate metal gills fixed in tlie grooves of the two plates.

15. Apparatus for the ,transmission of heat from one fluid toanother, comprising substantially fiat metal lplates connected together and having between them a conduit for fluid, one of lsaid plates ,having on one 'face thereof, outside said conduit, a number of 'parallelgrooves extendingin the saine direction as that in which fluid-is to pass through the said conduit and metal gills Yof varying width alongtheir length, tightly fixed in said grooves.

sov

Signed at Stockton-on-Tees, Co. Durham, l

day of March 1917. EDWARDv LLOYD' 4PEASE. Witnesses:

THOMAS ALFRED PALLISTER,

B; BEAT.

this ninth 

